AMD Ryzen Compatible Memory
Find AMD partner memory kits that have been tested by AMD partners at the advertised overclocked profile.
The Fastest Gaming Processor the World has Ever Seen
AMD Ryzen™ 9000X3D Series processors are here.
The Fastest Gaming Processors in the World
Only AMD Ryzen processors feature models with exclusive AMD 2nd Gen 3D V-Cache™ technology for a massive gaming performance boost. AMD combines its flagship Ryzen 9000X3D Series processors with up to a colossal 144MB of on-chip memory, paired with the most advanced processor cores you can get in a gaming PC so enthusiasts can harness the power of the ultimate gaming performance.1
Play Games Without a Graphics Card
The AMD Ryzen G-Series processors feature best-in-class graphics built-in2, so you can play virtually any PC game out there in high definition without the added expense of a graphics card. And if you want to take your gaming to the next level later, you can add a high-performance graphics card whenever you want.
Professional-Grade Productivity
Whether you are working in Microsoft Office, exporting video files, or visualizing an architectural dream in 3D, AMD Ryzen processors are built to beat the clock. With premium options that include time-saving connectivity like PCIe® 5.0 storage support, ultra-fast Wi-Fi® 6E3, AMD EXPO™ technology4, up to 32 processing threads, and dedicated video accelerators5, elevate your experience with AMD Ryzen processors.
AMD Ryzen Processors Power the Next Generation of AI Experiences
For decades AMD has pioneered technology to push the limits of what AI can accomplish, so now you can experience the power of your very own, incredibly advanced Artificial Intelligence technology.6 Be ready to usher in the future with new capabilities that only AMD Ryzen can provide. AMD Ryzen is your gateway to breakthrough AI experiences on your PC.
Take the Leap with AM5. Built to Evolve.
Invest in a platform that grows with your needs over time.
Your PC platform can be an investment, or a liability. AMD is the only processor manufacturer committed to multi-year socket support, giving you the freedom to start with what fits your build today and upgrade to next-gen performance tomorrow.
The AM5 desktop platform is packed with state-of-the-art technologies including high-speed DDR5 memory, PCIe® 5.0 support, and AMD EXPO one-touch memory overclocking with kits going up to DDR-8000 speeds7,8 With unmatched compatibility and future-ready features, Ryzen makes it easy to build a system that evolves with you.
Technologies
AMD Ryzen processors come packed with advanced technologies that empower gamers and creators to push performance, efficiency, and customization to the next level.
Exclusive AMD 3D V-Cache™ Technology
The Ultimate Gaming Hardware
AMD 3D V-Cache™ technology delivers a huge game performance advantage with up to 144MB of on-chip memory, available on AMD Ryzen X3D Series processors.9
Leadership Efficiency
With Eco-Mode and New Low-Power Models
AMD Ryzen 7000 series processors can deliver up to 49% more performance at the same power level compared to last gen. Use even less power with exclusive Eco-Mode, or choose one of the new low-power 65W models in the lineup.10
Unlocked for Overclocking5
Control Your Processing Power
Tweak and tune your AMD Ryzen processor for personalized performance easily with one-click Precision Boost Overdrive, or do it manually with the robust AMD Ryzen Master utility.11
Accelerate your gaming with AMD EXPO overclocked memory.
Performance
- Ryzen 9000
- Ryzen 8000
- Ryzen 7000
- Ryzen 5000
AMD Ryzen 9000 Series: The Ultimate Processor for Gaming and Content Creation14, 15
Content Creation: AMD Ryzen 9950X3D vs Intel Core Ultra 9 285K
AMD Ryzen +147%
AMD Ryzen +133%
AMD Ryzen +118%
AMD Ryzen +114%
Gaming: AMD Ryzen 9800X3D vs Intel Core Ultra 9 285K
AMD Ryzen +59%
AMD Ryzen +53%
AMD Ryzen +47%
AMD Ryzen +41%
100
AMD Ryzen™ 8000G Series Processors
The Fastest Desktop PC Processor Graphics in the World13
AMD Ryzen 8000G Series vs Intel Core i7-14700K (FPS)
Far Cry 6
3.4x
3.1x
2.3x
Assassins Creed Valhalla
3.8x
3.4x
2.5x
CyberPunk 2077
4.6x
3.9x
2.7x
Final Fantasy 14
1.4x
1.4x
1.3x
Grand Theft Auto V
2.0x
1.8x
2.1x
World of Tanks
2.2x
1.9x
1.6x
Faster Gaming with AMD Ryzen 9 7950X3D with 3D V-Cache
AMD Ryzen 9 7950X3D vs. Intel Core i9 13900K
1080p High Settings1, 12
AMD Ryzen +25%
AMD Ryzen +21%
AMD Ryzen +16%
AMD Ryzen +15%
AMD Ryzen +15%
100%
AMD Ryzen 7 5800X3D with AMD 3D V-Cache™ Technology
Ryzen 7 5800X3D vs. Ryzen 9 5900X
Average 15% Faster Gaming at 1080P High11
AMD Ryzen +36%
AMD Ryzen +24%
AMD Ryzen +21%
AMD Ryzen +16%
AMD Ryzen +9%
Tie
Ecosystem
An ecosystem designed to evolve with your needs.
Specifications
- Ryzen 9000 Series
- Ryzen 8000 Series
- Ryzen 7000 Series
- Ryzen 5000 Series
- Ryzen 4000 Series
Ryzen 9000 Series
Ryzen 8000 Series
Ryzen 7000 Series
Ryzen 5000 Series
Ryzen 4000 Series
Footnotes
- Testing as of May 2024 by AMD Performance Labs on test systems configured as follows: AMD Ryzen 9 9950X system: GIGABYTE X670E AORUS MASTER, Balanced, DDR5-6000, Radeon RX 7900 XTX, VBS=On,SAM=On, KRACKENX63 vs. similarly configured Intel Core i9-14900KS system: MSI MEG Z790 ACE MAX (MS-7D86), Balanced, DDR5-6000, Radeon RX 7900 XTX, VBS=On, SAM=On, KRAKENX63 {Profile=Intel Default} on the following games: Ashes Of The Singularity Escalation, Assassins Creed Mirage, Avatar Frontiers Pandora, Borderlands 3, CyberPunk 2077, Dota 2, F1 2023, FarCry 6, Final Fantasy14, Ghost Recon Breakpoint, Hitman 3, Horizon Zero Dawn, League Of Legends, Metro Exodus, Rift Breaker, Shadow Of The Tomb Raider, Total War Warhammer 3, Watch Dogs Legion, WoTenCore, Wolfenstein Youngblood. System manufacturers may vary configurations, yielding different results. GNR-02.
- Each of the AMD Ryzen™ 8000G-Series processors with integrated Radeon™ graphics are projected to have the fastest desktop processor graphics in their respective classes. AMD defines the class as the processor parts that comprise the Ryzen 8000 G-Series processors and Intel Core i7-14700, Core i5-14600, and Core i3-141004. Performance projections by AMD engineering staff as of October 2023. Engineering projections are not a guarantee of final performance. Specific projections are based on reference design platforms and are subject to change when final products are released in market. PXD-01
- Wi-Fi 6E Wi-Fi 7 and Bluetooth 5.0 availability varies by laptop manufacturer and are system configuration dependent. Check with your laptop manufacturer for compatibility information. GD-149a
- Overclocking and/or undervolting AMD processors and memory, including without limitation, altering clock frequencies / multipliers or memory timing / voltage, to operate outside of AMD’s published specifications will void any applicable AMD product warranty, even when enabled via AMD hardware and/or software. This may also void warranties offered by the system manufacturer or retailer. Users assume all risks and liabilities that may arise out of overclocking and/or undervolting AMD processors, including, without limitation, failure of or damage to hardware, reduced system performance and/or data loss, corruption or vulnerability. GD-106
- Video codec acceleration (including at least the HEVC (H.265), H.264, VP9, and AV1 codecs) is subject to and not operable without inclusion/installation of compatible media players. GD-176
- Ryzen™ AI is defined as the combination of a dedicated AI engine, AMD Radeon™ graphics engine, and Ryzen processor cores that enable AI capabilities. OEM and ISV enablement is required, and certain AI features may not yet be optimized for Ryzen AI processors. Ryzen AI is compatible with select AMD Ryzen 7040 and AMD Ryzen 8000G series processors. Please check with your system manufacturer for feature availability prior to purchase. GD-220a
- AMD’s product warranty does not cover damages caused by overclocking, even when overclocking is enabled via AMD hardware and/or software. GD-26
- Game testing as of 5 December, 2022, by AMD Performance Labs using the following hardware: AMD Socket AM5 Reference Motherboard with AMD Ryzen™ 9 7950X, Ryzen™ 9 7950X3D and G.Skill DDR5-6000C30 (F5-6000J3038F16GX2-TZ5N) with AMD EXPO™; ALL SYSTEMS configured with NXZT Kraken X63, open air test bench, GeForce 4090, Windows® 11, PCIe® Resizable Base Address Register (“ReBAR”) ON, Virtualization-Based Security (VBS) OFF. All games tested at 1920x1080 with HIGH in-game preset and the chronologically newest graphics industry API available within the game’s rendering engine (e.g. Vulkan® over OpenGL™, DirectX® 12 over DirectX® 11). Desktop configurations will vary, yielding different results. Games tested: CS:GO, League of Legends, Assassin's Creed: Valhalla, Grand Theft Auto V, Hitman 3 Dubai GPU, Wolfenstein Youngblood (LabX), Hitman 3 Dubai CPU, Cyberpunk 2077, Borderlands 3, DOTA 2, Middle Earth: Shadow of War, F1 2021, Far Cry 6, Final Fantasy XIV, Warhammer: Dawn of War III, Shadow of the Tomb Raider, Total War: Three Kingdoms Battle, Deus Ex: Mankind Divided, Watchdogs: Legion, Riftbreaker CPU, Red Dead Redemption 2. RPL-035
- Testing as of 15 August, 2022, by AMD Performance Labs using the following hardware: AMD AM5 Reference Motherboard with AMD Ryzen™ 9 7950X with G.Skill DDR5-6000C30 (F5-6000J3038F16GX2-TZ5N) with AMD EXPO™ loaded, AMD AM4 Reference Motherboard with AMD Ryzen™ 9 5950X and DDR4-3600C16. ALL SYSTEMS configured with NXZT Kraken X63, open air test bench, Radeon™ RX 6950XT (driver 22.7.1 Optional), Windows® 11 22000.856, AMD Smart Access Memory/PCIe® Resizable Base Address Register (“ReBAR”) ON, Virtualization-Based Security (VBS) OFF. Processor power measured at the package, performance measured in Cinebench R23 nT score. Results may vary. RPL-014
- Precision Boost Overdrive requires a compatible AMD Ryzen Threadripper, 3rd Gen AMD Ryzen processor, or Ryzen 5000 Series processor and a motherboard compatible with one or more of these processors. 2nd Gen AMD Ryzen processors including the Ryzen 3200G processor are not compatible with Precision Boost Overdrive. Because Precision Boost Overdrive enables operation of the processor outside of specifications and in excess of factory settings, use of the feature invalidates the AMD product warranty and may also void warranties offered by the system manufacturer or retailer. GD-135
- Based on testing by AMD as of 12/14/2021. Performance evaluated with Watch Dogs Legion, Far Cry 6, Gears 5, Final Fantasy XIV, Shadow of the Tomb Raider and CS:GO. All games test at 1920x1080 resolution with the HIGH in-game quality preset (or equivalent). System configuration: Ryzen 7 5800X3D and AMD Reference Motherboard, Ryzen 9 5900X and ASUS Crosshair VIII Hero with BIOS 3801. Both systems configured with 2x8GB DDR4-3600, GeForce RTX 3080 with 472.12 driver, Samsung 980 Pro 1TB, NZXT Kraken X62, and Windows 11 28000.282. R5K-106
- Testing as of 09 February, 2023, by AMD Performance Labs using the following hardware: AMD AM5 Reference Motherboard with AMD Ryzen 9 7950X3D, G.Skill DDR5-6000 and NZXT Kraken X63 cooler, versus ROG STRIX Z790-E GAMING WIFI Motherboard with Intel Core i9 13900K processor, G.Skill DDR5-6000, and NZXT Kraken X63 cooler. ALL SYSTEMS configured with an open air test bench, Windows 11, AMD Smart Access Memory technology ON, Virtualization-Based Security (VBS) OFF. Gaming performance calculated across 23 select titles, all at 1080p high settings. System manufacturers may vary configurations, yielding different results. RPL-042
- Testing as of Dec 2023 by AMD Performance Labs on test systems configured with Ryzen 8700G/8600G/8500G CPUs, integrated Radeon 780M/760M/740M graphics, ASRock B650 Pro RS motherboard, 32GB 6400MHz RAM (2x16GB), Samsung 980 Pro 1TB NVMe, and Windows 11 Pro vs. similarly configured systems with Intel Core i7-14700K processor, integrated Intel UHD 770 graphics, MSI MPG Z690 Carbon motherboard, 32GB 6400MHz RAM (2x16GB), Samsung 980 Pro 1TB NVMe, Windows 11 Pro on the following titles at 1080p, VBS enabled. Far Cry 6, F1 2022, Borderlands 3, CyberPunk 2077, Final Fantasy 14, Dota 2, Hitman 3. System manufacturers may vary configurations, yielding different results. PXD-06.
- Testing as of Nov 2024 by AMD Performance Labs using the following benchmarks: PugetBench Premiere Pro 24.5, PugetBench Photoshop 25.11, PugetBench Davinci Resolve 19.0.1. Geekbench 6.3, Blender 4.2.3 Monster and Classroom, Corona Benchmark, Cinebench 2024. AMD Ryzen 9 9950X3D system configuration: GIGABYTE X870E AORUS MASTER, 32GB DDR5-6000, Nvidia RTX 4090, KRAKEN X63, Win 11 Pro 26100, VBS ON, SAM/REBAR ON. Intel Core Ultra 9 285K system configuration: ASUS ROG STRIX Z890-E GAMING WIFI, 32GB DDR5-6400, Nvidia RTX 4090, KRAKEN X63, Win 11 Pro 26100, VBS ON, SAM/REBAR ON. System manufacturers may vary configurations, yielding different results. GNR-30
- Testing as of October 2024 by AMD Performance Labs on test systems configured as follows: AMD Ryzen 7 9800X3D system: GIGABYTE X870E AORUS MASTER, Balanced, 2x16GB DDR5-6000, GeForce RTX 4090, VBS=On, SAM=On, KRACKENX63 (September 27, 2024); Intel Core Ultra 9 285K system: ASUS ROG STRIX Z890-E GAMING WIFI, Balanced, 2x16GB DDR5-6400, GeForce RTX 4090, VBS=On, SAM=On. KRAKENX63 (September 11, 2024) {Profile=Intel Default} on the following games: Black Myth: Wukong, Avatar: Frontiers of Pandora, Ashes of the Singularity: Escalation, Hogwarts Legacy, Counter-Strike 2, Starfield, HITMAN 3, Final Fantasy 14, Dawntrail, Warhammer 40,000: Space Marine 2, Call of Duty: Black Ops 6, Far Cry 6, Watch Dogs: Legion, Cyberpunk 2077. System manufacturers may vary configurations, yielding different results. GNR-25
Footnotes
- Testing as of May 2024 by AMD Performance Labs on test systems configured as follows: AMD Ryzen 9 9950X system: GIGABYTE X670E AORUS MASTER, Balanced, DDR5-6000, Radeon RX 7900 XTX, VBS=On,SAM=On, KRACKENX63 vs. similarly configured Intel Core i9-14900KS system: MSI MEG Z790 ACE MAX (MS-7D86), Balanced, DDR5-6000, Radeon RX 7900 XTX, VBS=On, SAM=On, KRAKENX63 {Profile=Intel Default} on the following games: Ashes Of The Singularity Escalation, Assassins Creed Mirage, Avatar Frontiers Pandora, Borderlands 3, CyberPunk 2077, Dota 2, F1 2023, FarCry 6, Final Fantasy14, Ghost Recon Breakpoint, Hitman 3, Horizon Zero Dawn, League Of Legends, Metro Exodus, Rift Breaker, Shadow Of The Tomb Raider, Total War Warhammer 3, Watch Dogs Legion, WoTenCore, Wolfenstein Youngblood. System manufacturers may vary configurations, yielding different results. GNR-02.
- Each of the AMD Ryzen™ 8000G-Series processors with integrated Radeon™ graphics are projected to have the fastest desktop processor graphics in their respective classes. AMD defines the class as the processor parts that comprise the Ryzen 8000 G-Series processors and Intel Core i7-14700, Core i5-14600, and Core i3-141004. Performance projections by AMD engineering staff as of October 2023. Engineering projections are not a guarantee of final performance. Specific projections are based on reference design platforms and are subject to change when final products are released in market. PXD-01
- Wi-Fi 6E Wi-Fi 7 and Bluetooth 5.0 availability varies by laptop manufacturer and are system configuration dependent. Check with your laptop manufacturer for compatibility information. GD-149a
- Overclocking and/or undervolting AMD processors and memory, including without limitation, altering clock frequencies / multipliers or memory timing / voltage, to operate outside of AMD’s published specifications will void any applicable AMD product warranty, even when enabled via AMD hardware and/or software. This may also void warranties offered by the system manufacturer or retailer. Users assume all risks and liabilities that may arise out of overclocking and/or undervolting AMD processors, including, without limitation, failure of or damage to hardware, reduced system performance and/or data loss, corruption or vulnerability. GD-106
- Video codec acceleration (including at least the HEVC (H.265), H.264, VP9, and AV1 codecs) is subject to and not operable without inclusion/installation of compatible media players. GD-176
- Ryzen™ AI is defined as the combination of a dedicated AI engine, AMD Radeon™ graphics engine, and Ryzen processor cores that enable AI capabilities. OEM and ISV enablement is required, and certain AI features may not yet be optimized for Ryzen AI processors. Ryzen AI is compatible with select AMD Ryzen 7040 and AMD Ryzen 8000G series processors. Please check with your system manufacturer for feature availability prior to purchase. GD-220a
- AMD’s product warranty does not cover damages caused by overclocking, even when overclocking is enabled via AMD hardware and/or software. GD-26
- Game testing as of 5 December, 2022, by AMD Performance Labs using the following hardware: AMD Socket AM5 Reference Motherboard with AMD Ryzen™ 9 7950X, Ryzen™ 9 7950X3D and G.Skill DDR5-6000C30 (F5-6000J3038F16GX2-TZ5N) with AMD EXPO™; ALL SYSTEMS configured with NXZT Kraken X63, open air test bench, GeForce 4090, Windows® 11, PCIe® Resizable Base Address Register (“ReBAR”) ON, Virtualization-Based Security (VBS) OFF. All games tested at 1920x1080 with HIGH in-game preset and the chronologically newest graphics industry API available within the game’s rendering engine (e.g. Vulkan® over OpenGL™, DirectX® 12 over DirectX® 11). Desktop configurations will vary, yielding different results. Games tested: CS:GO, League of Legends, Assassin's Creed: Valhalla, Grand Theft Auto V, Hitman 3 Dubai GPU, Wolfenstein Youngblood (LabX), Hitman 3 Dubai CPU, Cyberpunk 2077, Borderlands 3, DOTA 2, Middle Earth: Shadow of War, F1 2021, Far Cry 6, Final Fantasy XIV, Warhammer: Dawn of War III, Shadow of the Tomb Raider, Total War: Three Kingdoms Battle, Deus Ex: Mankind Divided, Watchdogs: Legion, Riftbreaker CPU, Red Dead Redemption 2. RPL-035
- Testing as of 15 August, 2022, by AMD Performance Labs using the following hardware: AMD AM5 Reference Motherboard with AMD Ryzen™ 9 7950X with G.Skill DDR5-6000C30 (F5-6000J3038F16GX2-TZ5N) with AMD EXPO™ loaded, AMD AM4 Reference Motherboard with AMD Ryzen™ 9 5950X and DDR4-3600C16. ALL SYSTEMS configured with NXZT Kraken X63, open air test bench, Radeon™ RX 6950XT (driver 22.7.1 Optional), Windows® 11 22000.856, AMD Smart Access Memory/PCIe® Resizable Base Address Register (“ReBAR”) ON, Virtualization-Based Security (VBS) OFF. Processor power measured at the package, performance measured in Cinebench R23 nT score. Results may vary. RPL-014
- Precision Boost Overdrive requires a compatible AMD Ryzen Threadripper, 3rd Gen AMD Ryzen processor, or Ryzen 5000 Series processor and a motherboard compatible with one or more of these processors. 2nd Gen AMD Ryzen processors including the Ryzen 3200G processor are not compatible with Precision Boost Overdrive. Because Precision Boost Overdrive enables operation of the processor outside of specifications and in excess of factory settings, use of the feature invalidates the AMD product warranty and may also void warranties offered by the system manufacturer or retailer. GD-135
- Based on testing by AMD as of 12/14/2021. Performance evaluated with Watch Dogs Legion, Far Cry 6, Gears 5, Final Fantasy XIV, Shadow of the Tomb Raider and CS:GO. All games test at 1920x1080 resolution with the HIGH in-game quality preset (or equivalent). System configuration: Ryzen 7 5800X3D and AMD Reference Motherboard, Ryzen 9 5900X and ASUS Crosshair VIII Hero with BIOS 3801. Both systems configured with 2x8GB DDR4-3600, GeForce RTX 3080 with 472.12 driver, Samsung 980 Pro 1TB, NZXT Kraken X62, and Windows 11 28000.282. R5K-106
- Testing as of 09 February, 2023, by AMD Performance Labs using the following hardware: AMD AM5 Reference Motherboard with AMD Ryzen 9 7950X3D, G.Skill DDR5-6000 and NZXT Kraken X63 cooler, versus ROG STRIX Z790-E GAMING WIFI Motherboard with Intel Core i9 13900K processor, G.Skill DDR5-6000, and NZXT Kraken X63 cooler. ALL SYSTEMS configured with an open air test bench, Windows 11, AMD Smart Access Memory technology ON, Virtualization-Based Security (VBS) OFF. Gaming performance calculated across 23 select titles, all at 1080p high settings. System manufacturers may vary configurations, yielding different results. RPL-042
- Testing as of Dec 2023 by AMD Performance Labs on test systems configured with Ryzen 8700G/8600G/8500G CPUs, integrated Radeon 780M/760M/740M graphics, ASRock B650 Pro RS motherboard, 32GB 6400MHz RAM (2x16GB), Samsung 980 Pro 1TB NVMe, and Windows 11 Pro vs. similarly configured systems with Intel Core i7-14700K processor, integrated Intel UHD 770 graphics, MSI MPG Z690 Carbon motherboard, 32GB 6400MHz RAM (2x16GB), Samsung 980 Pro 1TB NVMe, Windows 11 Pro on the following titles at 1080p, VBS enabled. Far Cry 6, F1 2022, Borderlands 3, CyberPunk 2077, Final Fantasy 14, Dota 2, Hitman 3. System manufacturers may vary configurations, yielding different results. PXD-06.
- Testing as of Nov 2024 by AMD Performance Labs using the following benchmarks: PugetBench Premiere Pro 24.5, PugetBench Photoshop 25.11, PugetBench Davinci Resolve 19.0.1. Geekbench 6.3, Blender 4.2.3 Monster and Classroom, Corona Benchmark, Cinebench 2024. AMD Ryzen 9 9950X3D system configuration: GIGABYTE X870E AORUS MASTER, 32GB DDR5-6000, Nvidia RTX 4090, KRAKEN X63, Win 11 Pro 26100, VBS ON, SAM/REBAR ON. Intel Core Ultra 9 285K system configuration: ASUS ROG STRIX Z890-E GAMING WIFI, 32GB DDR5-6400, Nvidia RTX 4090, KRAKEN X63, Win 11 Pro 26100, VBS ON, SAM/REBAR ON. System manufacturers may vary configurations, yielding different results. GNR-30
- Testing as of October 2024 by AMD Performance Labs on test systems configured as follows: AMD Ryzen 7 9800X3D system: GIGABYTE X870E AORUS MASTER, Balanced, 2x16GB DDR5-6000, GeForce RTX 4090, VBS=On, SAM=On, KRACKENX63 (September 27, 2024); Intel Core Ultra 9 285K system: ASUS ROG STRIX Z890-E GAMING WIFI, Balanced, 2x16GB DDR5-6400, GeForce RTX 4090, VBS=On, SAM=On. KRAKENX63 (September 11, 2024) {Profile=Intel Default} on the following games: Black Myth: Wukong, Avatar: Frontiers of Pandora, Ashes of the Singularity: Escalation, Hogwarts Legacy, Counter-Strike 2, Starfield, HITMAN 3, Final Fantasy 14, Dawntrail, Warhammer 40,000: Space Marine 2, Call of Duty: Black Ops 6, Far Cry 6, Watch Dogs: Legion, Cyberpunk 2077. System manufacturers may vary configurations, yielding different results. GNR-25